The Conquest of Makkah

The Conquest of Makkah

When the treaty of Al-Hudaybiyah was completed, Khuza'ah sided with the Messenger 􀀈 and Banu Bakr sided with Quraysh. But a man from Banu Bakr killed a man from Khuza'ah, and as a result war broke out between the two sides. Quraysh supplied Banu Bakr with weapons, and some of Quraysh even fought alongside Banu Bakr under cover of darkness. In this manner they broke their agreement with Allah's Messenger it. Some people from Khuza'ah came to seek support from Allah's Messenger􀀈 so he commanded the people to get ready and told
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them that he was heading for Makkah. He said, "O Allah! Do not let
Quraysh find out about our plans until we take them by surprise in their own land." Then the people got ready.
When Allah's Messenger 􀀈 had set out for Makkah, Hatib bin Abi Balta'ah wrote a letter to Quraysh, infonning them of what Allah's Messenger ® had decided to do and how he had commanded the Muslims to set out towards Makkah. Then he gave the letter to a woman and paid her wage to deliver it to Quraysh. She put it on her head and wrapped her braids around it, and then she set out. Allah's Messenger􀀈 received news from heaven about what Hatib had done, so he sent 'Ali binAbi Talib .;-0 andAz-Zubair binAl-'Awwam􀀢 and told them: "Catch up with the woman with whom Hatib has sent the letter to Quraysh, warning them about what we have decided to do in their case." So, they set out until they caught up with her in Rawdah Khakh at the place1 of Banu Abi Ahmad. They told her to dismount and they looked in her saddlebags, but they could not find anything.
'Ali bin Abi Talib 4, said to her: "I swear that Allah's Messenger was not told lies and we were not told lies. Either you bring this letter fo11h for us or we will expose you." When she said “Turn away from me” so he turned away and she undid her braids
and brought forth the letter and gave it to him. He took it to Allah's Messenger ® who called Hatib to him and said: "O Hatib, what made you do this?" He said: "O Messenger of Allah, by Allah I still believe in Allah and His Messenger, and I have not changed. But I am a man who has no family or clan among the people, and I have a child and a wife among them, so I tried to do (Quraysh) a favour for their sake." 'Urnar bin Al-Khattab * said: "O Messenger of Allah, let me strike his neck (i.e., kill him), for the man is a hypocrite!" Allah's Messenger􀀓 said: "How do you know, 0 'Umar, perhaps Allah looked at the people ofBadr
On the day ofBadr and said: 'Do what you like, for I have forgiven you."
'Allah's Messenger® set out on the tenth of Ramadan, and Quraysh did not know anything about it. No news reached them of Allah's Messenger 􀀚 and his army. Abu Sufyan bin Harb went out with Hakim bin Hizam and Budail bin Warqa' to try and find out what was happening. Al­' Abbas􀀞 the paternal uncle of the Prophet®, had gone out to Al-Arak,
'
riding the white mule of Allah's Messenger®, hoping to meet those who
were coming to Makkah, to tell them where Allah's Messenger® was, so that they might come to him and ask him for protection. Al-' Abbas met Abu Sufyan and advised him to ride with him and go and ask Allah's Messenger 􀀓 for protection. So, he went with him, and Allah's Messenger 􀀣 invited him to embrace Islam and he did so. After he became Muslim, Al-' Abbas􀀤 said: "O Messenger of Allah, Abu Sufyan is a man who likes to have status, so give him something." He said: "Yes, whoever enters the house of Abu Sufyan, will be safe. Whoever closes his door will be safe. Whoever enters the Sacred Mosque will be safe." 2
When Allah's Messenger􀀓 entered Dhu Tuwa, he bowed his head in submission to Allah when he saw how Allah had honoured him by enabling him to conquer Makkah, and he lowered his head so much that the hair of his beard was almost touching the middle of his saddle.

⦁ The Armies enter Makkah
Each detachment of the army set out to do as Allah's Messenger􀀆 had commanded it to do.
Khalid bin Al-Walid 4fe, and his troops did not engage in any fighting, apart from what happened with regard to Banu Bakr and the Ahabesh (tribes living in suburbs) at the bottom ofMakk:ah, whom they fought and Allah caused them to defeat them. Safwan bin Umaiyah, 'Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl and Suhail bin 'Amr had gathered some people to fight in Al­-Khandamah. When the Muslims, the companions of Khalid binAl-Walid 4:fe,, encountered them, they skirmished with them; approximately twelve or thirteen of the MushrikCm (polythiests) were killed, and they were defeated. Allah's Messenger􀀆 had instructed the Muslim commanders, when he ordered them to enter Makk:ah: "Do not kill anyone except those who fight you,"- except for a few whom he mentioned by name, who he said were to be killed even if they were found beneath the curtain of the Ka'bah. These included 'Abdullah bin Sa'd binAbi Sarh, 'Abdullah bin Khatal, the two singing-girls of 'Abdullah bin Khatal, Al-Huwairith bin Nuqaidh bin Wahb, Miqyas bin Subabah, 'Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl, and Sarah the slave woman of some of Banu 'Abdul-Muttalib. Of these people, 'Abdullah bin Khatal, Miqyas bin Subabah, and one of the two singing-girls oflbn Khatal were killed. The rest asked for protection and Allah's Messenger􀀆 granted them that.
The Prophet􀀆 entered Makk:ah with those who were with him, from Adhakhir. That was on Friday the 19th of Ramadan in the year mentioned .this was stated by Al Ulaimi in Tarikh al quds in
Tu􀀁fatul-Kiram bi Akhbar Baladillahil-Haram by Al-Fasi it is reported from Al-Waqidi that Allah's Messenger􀀆 came on Friday when there remained l0nights ofRamadan."
A tent was pitched for him inAl-Abtah, and he entered on his she-camel Al-Qaswa', riding between Abu Bakr and Usaid bin Hudair 􀀪Jh, and he stayed at his tent inAl-Abtah. Ibn 'Umar􀀭 said:
When the Prophet entered Makk:ah on the day of the Conquest, he saw women brushing the dust from the horses' faces with their veils. Abu Bakr smiled and the Prophet 􀀈 said: "Abu Bakr, what does Hassan say?" Abu Bakr recited the words of Hassan bin Thabit:
"May I lose my dear daughter, if you do not see her, wiping away the dust from the two sides ofKada' [ a hill near Makk:ah]
They pull at the reins, going upward
Our women wipe them with their veils."
When the people had calmed down, the Prophet􀀈 came out, riding his she-camel, until he reached the Ka'bah. He did seven circuits of Tawaf, riding his camel, and touching the Black Stone each time with a stick that had a curved top. Around the Ka'bah there were three hundred and sixty idols fixed to the ground with lead. The idols fell on their faces as he started poking them, saying:

"Truth (i.e., Islamic Monotheism or this Qur 'an or Jihad against polytheists) has come and Batil (falsehood, i.e., Satan or polytheism) has vanished. Surely, Batil is ever bound to vanish. " (17:81)
According to the Hadith of Jabir 4,: We entered Makkah with Allah's Messenger , and in or around the House there were three hundred and sixty idols which were worshipped instead of Allah. Allah's Messenger 􀀘 commanded that they were all to be made to fall on their faces, and then he said:
According to the Hadith of Jabir 4,: We entered Makkah with Allah's Messenger , and in or around the House there were three hundred and sixty idols which were worshipped instead of Allah. Allah's Messenger 􀀘 commanded that they were all to be made to fall on their faces, and then he said:
According to Al-Bukhari, when Allah's Messenger􀀜 came to Makkah, he refused to enter the House when there were gods in it.
Source :makkah pdf

The conquest of Makkah

IN 8 AH (630 CE), the Qureish of Makkah broke their pact of Hudaibya with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) by killing some of the men of the Khuza tribe, with whom the Prophet had a treaty, inside the sacred surrounds of the Kaaba.
The Khuzas asked the Prophet for help. He said, “They have betrayed us and broken the pact!” He at once prepared to leave for Makkah. On Muharram 10, AH 8, the Prophet set out, along with his allied tribes, with his forces of 10,000 men: the largest force to set out of Madina so far.
While they camped outside Makkah, the Prophet asked the men to spread out and light a fire each. The 10,000 fires became visible to the Makkans who were overawed. Abu Sufyan, the leader of the Qureish, and some other men came running to the camp and met the Prophet. When the call to prayer was sounded at dawn, Abu Sufyan, the Prophet’s bitterest enemy, was so moved that he sought the Prophet and recited the kalima: “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His Messenger!”
Thereafter, the Prophet sent a messenger to Makkah to announce that whoever entered Abu Sufyan’s house would be safe and whoever went behind his own door and bolted it would be safe and whoever went into the Sacred Mosque would also be safe. Abu Sufyan rushed to Makkah and said, “O Qureish, this is Muhammad (PBUH) who has come to you with a force you cannot resist.” Thereafter, almost all the Makkans took refuge and no one tried to resist the entry of Muslims into Makkah.
The Prophet gave strict orders not to start a fight and announced, “This is the day of mercy!” He divided his troops into four divisions to enter the city from four different directions. Before entering Makkah, while still seated on his camel, the Prophet bent low, prostrating in humility and gratefulness to his Lord. When he heard of the skirmish between Khalid bin Walid’s troops and Ikrimah’s men, he was angry and said, “Did I not forbid fighting?”
It was explained that the Qureish had attacked them first. Then the Prophet put on his armour and along with his men, entered the Kaaba, touched the Hajr al-Aswad with his staff and recited “Allahu Akbar”, which his followers repeated so that the whole of Makkah resounded with it.
The Prophet made seven rounds of the Kaaba and then turned towards the 360 idols surrounding the mosque. He pointed towards each and recited, “The truth has come and falsehood has vanished. Surely, falsehood is bound to vanish!” (17:81). As he pointed to the idols, each one fell on its face. Thus the Kaaba, which had been built first by Adam and then reconstructed by Abraham for the worship of the One God, was finally cleansed of all man-made deities.
The door of the Kaaba was unlocked. The Prophet entered it and asked that pictures of false gods be erased. Since there was no looting, no plunder and no mistreatment of women, the Makkans were now convinced that the Prophet did not wish to avenge them. Those who had taken refuge in their homes came out and joined those in the Sacred Mosque.
The Prophet, standing at the door of the Kaaba, addressed them: “There is no God but Allah alone. He has no associate. He has made good His promise and helped his servant. He has put to flight the confederates. Every claim of privilege or blood or property is abolished by me except the custody of the temple and the watering of the pilgrims … O Qureish, God has taken from you the haughtiness of the days of paganism and its veneration of ancestors. Man springs from Adam and Adam springs from dust.”
He recited from the Quran, “We have created you from male and female and made you into nations and tribes so that you may know one another. The most noble of you, in the sight of God, is the most pious” (49:13). Then he asked, “O Qureish, what do you think that I am about to do with you?” They replied, “Good. You are a noble and generous brother, son of a noble and generous brother. It is thine to command.”
He then spoke to them words of forgiveness which, according to the revelation Joseph had spoken to his brothers when they came to him in Egypt, “Verily, I say as my brother Joseph said, ‘This day there shall be no upbraiding of you nor reproach. God forgives you, for He is most Merciful of the merciful’” (12: 92). He said, “Go your way for you are the freed ones!” Only four persons were given the death penalty, which had nothing to do with this conquest.
A general amnesty was declared for his bitter enemies of two decades who had broken their pact of Hudaibiya and who had tried every trick to harm the Prophet and his followers. The Prophet then took his place at the hill of Safa, and the Makkans, both men and women, flocked to him to pay homage and to accept Islam. Through his treatment of the Qureish, the Prophet demonstrated his faith in peace, non-violence, freedom, human rights and equality of all human beings. He also lived the verse of the Quran (16:126) in which it is said that retaliation is valid, but forgiveness is more noble and worthy of reward.
Source:Reference Link

According to the terms of the treaty of Hudaybiyah, the Arab tribes were given the option to join either of the parties with which they desired to enter into treaty alliance, the Prophet's sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, (may Allah exalt his mention) or the Quraish's. As a consequence, Banu Bakr joined the Quraysh, and Khuza'ah joined the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. According to the Treaty they could not attack one another for a period of ten years. But Banu Bakr developed an evil scheme against Banu Khuzaa'ah and they planned to take revenge on their rivals. The Quraysh of Makkah should have held Banu Bakr back from implementing their plan against Banu Khuzaa'ah making them uphold the Treaty. Instead of preventing them, the Quraysh, totally at variance with their obligation to the Treaty, came out in the open lending full and active support to Banu Bakr with men and material. They broke their covenant to the extent that Safwaan ibn Umayyah, 'Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahl, and Suhayl ibn 'Amr joined the fighting along with Banu Bakr.

The combined attack of Banu Bakr and the Quraysh inflicted on Banu Khuzaa'ah a heavy loss of 20 or 30 men. Being caught by a surprise attack at night while they were asleep, they found no where to take refuge except at the House of Allah, the Ka'bah, and even some of them were killed there (this was also a breach of trust as the Ka'bah was a sanctuary for all).

 

A Few days after the incident Budayl ibn Warqa' and 'Amr ibn Saalim came to Al-Madeenah and put their complaint before the Prophet, sallalahu alayhi wa sallam. 'Amr ibn Saalim told his tale of woe in a poem filled with gloom and grief at their being brutally attacked and killed.

The Prophet of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, consoled them saying, "You will be helped." At the time of their departure from Al-Madeenah the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, remarked: "Abu Sufyaan has set out from Makkah to seek an extension in the duration of Peace Treaty and get it consolidated, but his mission will end in failure."

When the Makkans found time to think over the consequences of their misconduct, they were struck by fear. They sent Abu Sufyaan to renew the Peace Treaty. The Messenger of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, ordered the Muslims, on the other hand, to make preparations for the ensuing battle and to keep it a top secret. On the way back to Makkah, Budayl ibn Warqa' and his group came across Abu Sufyaan who was heading for Al-Madeenah. "Where have you been?" asked Abu Sufyaan. "I was only up in this valley," Budayl replied. Abu Sufiyaan was under the impression that the Prophet was unaware of the attack against Banu Khuzaa'ah that had just occurred. He was determined to get the Peace Treaty renewed as soon as possible.

Abu Sufiyan in Al-Madinah
Abu Sufiyaan came to Al-Madinah and went to the house of his daughter Umm Habeebah, may Allah be pleased with her, (wife of the Noble Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). But as he went to sit on the apostle's carpet she folded it up. "My daughter," said he, "Do you think that the carpet is too good for me or am I too good for the carpet." She replied, "It is the apostle's carpet and you are an unclean polytheist."

Being disgusted at the curt reply of his daughter, Abu Sufyaan stepped out of her room and went to the Noble Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, but he, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, was well aware of his tricks and did not hold him any assurance. He then approached Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, but he declined to interfere. He contacted 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, also to intercede but he made a point-blank refusal. At last he saw 'Ali ibn Abi Taalib, may Allah be pleased with him, in this connection, but he also regretted his inability to do anything for him.

Preparations for the Attack on Makkah
Immediately after the departure of Abu Sufyaan, the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, asked the Companions to march on Makkah. In spite of the massive size of the military preparations, the Companions did not know the target of attack. It was simply because the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, wanted the Makkans to be caught unaware.

However, a Companion of the Prophet, Haatib ibn Abu Balta'ah, may Allah be pleased with him, informed the Quraysh of the impending Muslim attack, in a letter sent through a woman. Allah The Almighty inspired His Messenger with this. He, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, sent 'Ali and Az-Zubayr ibn Al-'Awwaam, may Allah be pleased with them, immediately after the woman with the description of her features. They caught her after a hard chase, searched her belongings but the letter remained hidden. However, 'Ali was quite sure about the letter because he knew the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, would not say anything that wasn't absolutely true. When 'Ali threatened her with dire consequences, she drew out the letter from her hair and handed it over to them. The letter was from Haatib ibn Abu Balta'ah, may Allah be pleased with him, to the Quraysh. The letter along with the woman was brought to the Messenger of Allah. Haatib was sent for and was asked for an explanation. He said, "Since my relatives were still in Makkah and in danger, I wished to oblige the Makkans by informing them about the ensuing Muslim attack so that my relatives would remain safe from them." Having heard this, 'Umar lost his temper and said, "O Messenger of Allah! Allow me to cut his head off." But the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, forgave him and told 'Umar that Haatib was truthful in his claim, and Allah would forgive him due to his partaking in the battle of Badr.

March to Makkah
On Ramadan 11, 8 AH, the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, set out from Al-Madeenah at the head of a ten-thousand-man army of the Companions. The failure of Abu Sufyaan's mission had disheartened the Quraysh and they were in the dark about the plans of the believers. The Prophet's march to Makkah was very swift. They came across his uncle Al-'Abbaas ibn aAbdul-Muttalib, may Allah be pleased with him, on the way who, along with his wife and children, was moving to Al-Madeenah after they had embraced Islam. The Messenger of Allah took Al-'Abbas to Makkah and sent his family to Al-Madeenah. Marching quickly, the Muslim army reached Marruaz-Zahraan at a distance of 8 miles from Makkah. The Makkans were still unaware of the presence of Muslim troops even though they were so close to Makkah. They encamped at that place. The Makkans came to know of the Muslim force only from the shepherds who went back in the night. Informed of this, Abu Sufyaan came out to look into the matter. The Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, had already deputed 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, at the head of a patrol party to ward off a night attack.

Al-'Abbaas ibn Abdul-Muttalib was anxious about the safety of his people and wanted them to accept Islam and be safe. He came out mounted on the mule of the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, in the night and moved towards Makkah. As per the order of the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, the entire Muslim army had, in separate groups of one thousand each, lit their campfires.

When Abu Sufiyaan witnessed the blazing campfires spread over a vast area, he was shocked and stunned to the core to think how such a large army had been collected.

Al-'Abbas recognized the voice of Abu Sufiyaan even in the dark night and sounded back that the army belonged to the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and was ready to invade Makkah the next morning. Abu Sufyaan was left more confounded at this disheartening news. He, in a state of utmost bewilderment, drew near Al-'Abbas to seek his counsel at this juncture. Al-'Abbas said to him, "Ride on the back of this mule and I will bring you to the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, for he alone can give you protection." Abu Sufyaan got on the mule without a moment's delay. 'Umar recognized Abu Sufyaan and wanted to kill him at once, but Al-'Abbas spurred the mule and quickly went into the camp of the Prophet. 'Umar came chasing him and said, "O Prophet of Allah! Command me to kill this disbeliever, for he has come under our control without any condition." Al-'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "I have already given him protection." But 'Umar sought permission once again. Al-'Abbas replied to him with a pinch of taunt, "'Umar'! You would not have insisted on his being killed had he belonged to your family." Thereupon 'Umar said, "O Al-'Abbas! I felt more happy on your accepting Islam than I would have been had my father done so because I found the Prophet eager for your becoming a Muslim." After this exchange between the two, the Prophet of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, enjoined, "Well, Abu Sufyaan is given respite for a night." Following this he asked Al-'Abbas to keep Abu Sufyaan in his own camp. And next morning Abu Sufyaan appeared before the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and confessed Islam.

Abu Sufyaan honored
Al-'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, appeared before the Prophet of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and submitted, "Abu Sufyaan is a person who loves honor, so would you please give him some special honor." At this he, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, said, "He who enters the Sacred Mosque will be safe, he who enters the house of Abu Sufyaan will be safe, and he who shuts his doors upon himself will be safe." Abu Sufyaan felt elated.
The army on the move surged like an ocean. Different tribes had passed by with their tribal colors. Abu Sufyaan ascended a raised spot to witness the spectacle of the Muslim troops on the march and hurried back to Makkah ahead of all to announce: "He who enters the Sacred Mosque or my house will be safe." The Prophet of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, wanted to avoid bloodshed at all costs. His exit from Makkah in a state of helplessness and then his victorious and glorious return must have been on his mind. This day he made a triumphant entry into Makkah with his head lowered giving thanks to Allah The Almighty. He, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, then circumambulated the Ka'bah seven times mounted on his animal and then cleared the Ka'bah of idols. He then took the keys of the Ka'bah from 'Uthman Ibn Talhah, and entered the Ka'bah and prayed to Allah The Exalted. Following this the Prophet of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, stood at the door of the Ka'bah, holding its frame, while the Quraysh arranged themselves in front of him in the courtyard filled with fear and shame.

Historic Address of the Prophet:
The Prophet said addressing them: "None has the right to be worshipped but Allah. He has fulfilled His Promise and help to His slave. He has alone overthrown all the Confederates. All the rites, privileges and claims to retaliation and blood compensation are beneath my feet except the custody of the Ka'bah and the giving water to the pilgrims. Even cutting down a green tree is not valid within the sanctuary. O you people of the Quraysh, Allah has abolished the haughtiness of paganism and the pride of lineage. Man comes from Adam and Aadam came from clay. Allah the Almighty Says (what means): 'O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted'. [Quran, 49:13]
O Quraysh! what do you think I am about to do with you?" "We hope for the best," they replied, "You are a noble brother, son of a noble brother." The Prophet of Allah said in reply, "I say to you what Yoosuf (Prophet Joseph, may Allah exalt his mention) said to his brothers: 'Have no fear this day, go your way for you are all free'."
The address being over, the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, went up to Mount Safa and sat down to take the oath of allegiance to Allah and His Messenger from the people. After finishing with men, he deputed 'Umar to take the oath from the women, and he kept seeking forgiveness of Allah for them. Safwaan ibn Umayyah fled to Yemen for fear of life. Umayr ibn Wahb from his tribe sought safety for him and he was granted immunity. Safwaan was the man who had resisted the entry of the Muslims into Makkah and fled from Makkah after the conquest; so did 'Ikrimah Ibn Abu Jahl, and he too was granted safety. Both of them had the pleasure of coming to the fold of Islam after the battle of Hunayn.

The Truth came and Falsehood vanquished
Destruction of idols installed in the Ka'bah meant the destruction of the idols all over Arabia. Likewise, the entry of the Quraysh into Islam implied the whole Arabia coming to the fold of Islam, for all eyes were fixed on the Quraysh of Makkah to see whether they accepted Islam or not.
After the conquest of Makkah, the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, announced throughout the land that nobody becoming a Muslim was allowed to keep an idol in his house. Following this he sent a few parties to destroy idols installed in the area around Makkah. He sent Khaalid ibn Al-Waleed, may Allah be pleased with him, at the head of thirty soldiers to break 'Uzzaa, the idol of Banu Kinaanah and to pull down its temple. Khaalid ibn Al-Waleed went and broke 'Uzzaa to pieces and razed it’s temple to the ground. 'Amr ibn Al-'Aas, may Allah be pleased with him, was sent to destroy Suwaa', the idol of Banu Huthayl. When 'Amr ibn Al-'Aas reached the spot, the priest said, "How will you be able to overpower it?" 'Amr said, "Just watch." Saying this he entered the temple and broke the idol to pieces. Sa'd ibn Zayd was sent to Qadeed to destroy Manat. The priests were sure the Muslims would fail in their task but they saw with their own eyes the believers break the idols and pull the temple down. All idols and temples were destroyed.
The first priority being completed, the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, resumed his mission of preaching Islam through Muslim missionaries and sent them near and far.
source:http://islamweb.net/emainpage/printarticle.php?id=135644&lang=E
⦁ Conquest of Mecca
Shaykh Mufeed, Shaykh Tabarsi and Ibn Shahr Ashob etc. have narrated that the important event of the conquest of Mecca occurred in the month of Ramadan, in the eight year of Hijrat. The majority of writers declare that the conquest was achieved on the thirteenth of the aforesaid month, but some maintain that it was on the twentieth. The cause of renewed hostilities with the Quraish was that at Hudaibiyah, the Prophet concluded a truce with the Quraish and took under his protection the tribe of Khaza, while Kananah tribe leagued with Meccan chiefs.
Two years after the treaty, as a certain wretch of the latter tribe was satiring the Prophet, a man of Khaza rebuked him for it, and threatened, if he repeated the offence, to break his jaws. The other, not intimidated, chanted again his abusive ode, on which the man of Khaza struck him a violent blow on the face. Both parties calling their respective tribes to their assistance, a furious conflict ensued, in which the Kananah, being the weaker, were driven into Kaaba and many of their party slain.
The Quraish aided this tribe with animals and arms, and the Khaza dispatched Amr bin Salim to the Prophet to inform him what had occurred and call on him for help. The man in recounting the state of affairs chanted a number of odes, when the Prophet said to him, “Enough!” He then went to the house of his wife, Maimoona and called for water to perform ablutions, and while thus engaged, said, “I shall not be assisted unless I render assistance.”
As he made preparation to march immediately on Mecca, he prayed that the Lord would restrain the spies of the Quraish, that they might enter their country before they were apprised of his movements. Ali bin Ibrahim, Shaykh Tabarsi and Shaykh Mufeed have narrated through many chains that Hatib bin Balta had embraced Islam and migrated to Medina, while his family was in Mecca.
Since the Quraish dreaded Prophet’s entry into Mecca they came to Hatib’s family and said: “Write to Hatib and ask him if Muhammad intends to enter Mecca.” In reply Hatib wrote that the Holy Prophet (S) was planning to attack Mecca and sent it to Mecca through a woman named Safiya and according to another report through a woman named Sara, a freed slave girl of Abu Lahab. She concealed that letter in the folds of her hair.
Jibraeel informed the Prophet about this and he sent Zubair and Imam Ali (a.s.) in pursuit of that woman. When they caught up with her, they asked for the letter and she began to weep and swore having any letter. She was also subjected to a search but the letter was not found. Zubair said: “O Ali, she is swearing and in spite of searching her, the letter is not found. Let us go back to the Prophet and report the matter.”
Amirul Momineen (a.s.) said: “The Messenger of Allah (S) has said that she is having the letter and the Holy Prophet (S) had not lied in saying that he has heard it from Jibraeel and neither has Jibraeel attributed falsehood to the Almighty Allah. Saying this, he pulled out his sword and said: “I will cut off your head if you don’t give the letter.”
She at last gave the letter. Imam Ali (a.s.) brought it to the Prophet, who summoned the Muslims in mosque and all gathered. He mounted the pulpit with the letter and said: “I had prayed to the Almighty Allah to keep our plans concealed from Quraish and one of you tried to inform them about it. So one who has written this letter should own up or divine revelation will expose him. No one stood up and the Prophet repeated his statement.
Now Hatib stood up trembling like a date branch in a sharp wind and he said: “I have written this letter, but neither have I become a hypocrite nor doubt your prophethood.” “Why did you do this?” “Because my family is in Mecca unaccompanied by my tribesmen, so I feared that idolaters would slay them. So I decided to do a good turn to them, so that they may not harm me. And this act was not committed due to doubt in religion.”
Umar said: “O Messenger of Allah (S), allow me to strike off his head.” The Holy Prophet (S) said: “He is from the fighters of Badr, perhaps he will repent and the Almighty Allah will forgive him. Send him out of the Masjid.” People drove him out, beating him and he looked at the Prophet that perhaps he would forgive him. Then the Holy Prophet (S) ordered and he was brought back. Finally he was forgiven and the Holy Prophet (S) sought divine forgiveness on his behalf, saying: “Never repeat it.” The Almighty Allah revealed the following verses:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ
“O you who believe! do not take My enemy and your enemy for friends: would you offer them love…”1
Shaykh Tabarsi has narrated from Imam Ja’far Sadiq (a.s.) that when Abu Sufyan, who was then in Shaam, heard that the Quraish had fought the Khaza and broken the truce with the Prophet, he came to Medina and waited on the Prophet, beseeching him to spare the blood of his kindred, and to renew and extend the truce. The Prophet replied, “If you have not yourselves broken the true, I shall still adhere to it.”
Abu Sufyan next applied to Abu Bakr and Umar, and begged them to guarantee the security of Quraish. They replied that no one could do anything without the permission of the Prophet. He then went to his daughter, Umm Habiba, one of the Prophet’s wives, and he was about to sit down on the carpet but she drew it away, saying, “The Messenger of Allah (S) has been seated on this carpet, and I will never allow you, an unclean idolater to sit on it.”
At this severe repulse, he went to Fatima, the Prophet’s daughter, and begged her to heighten her renown by confirming the treaty with Quraish and extending the period of truce. She replied that she would pledge whatever the Prophet did. He finally wished the young Imams, Hasan and Husain should be permitted to guarantee to safety of his tribe, but Fatima replied that they would do nothing without the sanction of their grandfather.
Last of all he applied to Ali, who told him to go himself to the door of the Masjid and proclaim that he, Abu Sufyan, guaranteed the security of the Quraish, and then start for Mecca. On reaching home he reported the rebuffs he had met with, and as a last resort, what he had done at the suggestion of Ali. At this, the Quraish exclaimed, “Ali has fooled you, you have stood security for your own tribe?”
The Prophet constituted Abu Lubabah bin Abdul Manzar governor of Medina, and commenced his march after the afternoon prayers, on Friday the second day of the blessed month of Ramadan, having first summoned the chiefs of the tribes and ordered them to assemble their people and join him at Mecca. It is narrated from Imam Muhammad Baqir (a.s.) that at the commencement of the march, the army observed the fast, but on arriving at Kara Naeem, he ordered the people to eat by day, setting the example himself, and declaring some who will keep the fast, disobedient.
And they and their progeny were named thus till Judgment Day. Imam Muhammad Baqir (a.s.) said: I know their descendants. So the Prophet set out from there and reached till Amraz Zahran. Nearly ten thousand people were with him, four hundred of them were mounted on horses. The Quraish were still ignorant of his advance, and Abu Sufyan, Hakim bin Qiran, Budail bin Waraqa came out of Mecca with the view of procuring intelligence of him.
Previous to this, however, Abbas was permitted by the commander of the guard to wait upon the Prophet at Thinatul Uqab, but his two companions, Abu Sufyan bin Harith and Abdullah bin Umayyah were inhibited by Zain bin Usaid, Abbas saluted him saying, “May my father and mother be your sacrifice! I have brought with me the son of your uncle, and the son of your aunt, both of whom are penitent.”
The Prophet replied, “I have no need of them, they have acted dishonorably to me. And said that till I did not create a stream or a golden house, they would not believe in me.” Umm Salma interceded likewise for these men, and at last he pardoned them and called him to his presence. Abbas now concluded that if Muhammad entered Mecca in anger and power, all the Quraish would be destroyed.
He then mounted the Prophet’s white mule and rode about the country, hoping to find some wood-carrier or milk-seller and to apprise the Meccans of their danger, that their chiefs might come and wait on the Prophet and induce him to guarantee their security. It was now night, and Abbas found himself near three men, Abu Sufyan bin Harb, Hakim bin Kharam and Budail bin Waraqa, one of whom he recognized by the voice to be Abu Sufyan who was inquiring Budail the cause of numerous fires of which they had just got a view.
One of the men replied that the tribe of Khaza was encamped there. Abu Sufyan said that tribe was too small to have so many fires. Abbas now announced to Abu Sufyan, and told him that the fires were at the camp of the Messenger of Allah (S), who with twelve thousand men was come to take Mecca. “What hope is left?” replied Abu Sufyan. “This,” said Abbas, “that you mount behind me and go with me to the Prophet and obtain security for yourself and people.”
Abbas relates that the different parties of the army allowed him to pass, on recognizing that he was the Prophet’s uncle, but on passing Umar’s tent he, seeing Abu Sufyan ran out exclaiming Alhamdulillah! You have now fallen into our hands; and proceeded hastily to the Prophet’s tent, saying Abu Sufyan is brought here without pledged protection, give me permission to cut off his head.
Umar was always blamed for offering to kill chained and helpless prisoners but at sight of an enemy in the field of battle, he turned his back and fled. Abbas then informed the Prophet that he has given personal security to Abu Sufyan, and brought him there. “Let him enter,” said the Prophet. He then approached and stood in the presence of the Prophet with the appearance of extreme abasement.
The Prophet said to him, “Have you yet found time to testify to the unity of God and my Prophethood?” “My father and mother be your sacrifice!” responded the humble chief; “how great is your clemency! if there had been another god besides God, he would have heard our cries at Badr and Uhud; but with respect to your prophethood, I have still doubt.” Abbas exclaimed, “Repeat the creed, or I will instantly cut off your head.”
Abu Sufyan complied, with a trembling stammering voice, forced by necessity, and according to Qutub Rawandi then went to lodge in Abbas’s camp where he heartily regretted the course he had taken, and thought that he might have taken on the Arab tribes and put the Prophet to fight. The Prophet knowing the train of his thoughts through the miracle of prophethood, shouted to him that if he had taken that way he would after all have been conquered.
The next morning, when Bilal pronounced the Azan, Abu Sufyan inquired what it meant. Abbas told him that it was the summons to prayers, and directed him to rise and perform ablutions, the mode of which Abbas taught him. They then waited on the Prophet, who was still engaged at his ablutions, and the Muslims were holding their hands to catch the water that fell from his hands, applying every drop they caught to their faces.
Abu Sufyan observed, “I never saw the emperors of Non-Arab and Rum treated with such veneration.” He then asked permission to go and put the Quraish in fear, and called them to Allah and the Prophet. The Prophet told him to go, and promised that all who would repeat the creed should be safe; with all who made no opposition, and all who sat down by the Kaaba’s without arms. Abbas observed that Abu Sufyan was a man who loved distinction, and wished some favor to be conferred on himself.
The Prophet added whoever enters Abu Sufyan’s house is safe and whoever remains in his own house and closes the door is safe. After Abu Sufyan had left the Prophet’s camp, Abbas said to the Prophet that Abu Sufyan was a man full of stratagems, and as he saw that the Muslims were scattered about, he might plot a against them. Abbas was hereupon ordered to pursue and detain him at the entrance of the defile till the army of Allah should march out in his presence.
On being overtaken Abu Sufyan said, “Do you practice deception on me?” “No,” replied Abbas, “but wait till you have seen the army.” When Khalid bin Walid appeared with his division, Abu Sufyan thought it must be the main body with the Prophet himself, and so he thought at the appearance of each successive division till at last came the great standard of Muhajireen and Ansaris, borne by Saad bin Ubadah, an Ansari.
These men were immersed in iron and nothing of them was visible but their eyes. “Your nephew has become a great king,” exclaimed Abu Sufyan. “He is not a king, but a Prophet,” returned Abbas, to which the other through fear assented. Saad approached Abu Sufyan, he accosted him in a threatening manner, and told his men they would that day avenge the blood of their slain.
Abu Sufyan in alarm rushed through the ranks till he came to the Prophet, had kissing his blessed stirrups, reported what Saad has said. The Prophet replied that no violence should be offered to any that submitted peaceably, and ordered Ali to advance and take Saad’s banner and calmly and quietly entered Mecca, which entrance he made with the happiest fortune.
On that day, Hakim bin Kharam, Budail bin Waraqa and Jubair bin Motam embraced Islam. Abu Sufyan, on being dismissed to announce the approach of the Muslims, ran his horse with all speed, and entered Mecca by the lower road, as the dust of the victorious army was rising above the surrounding mountains.
The Quraish who had not the least apprehension of his danger, asked him the news. He replied, “Muhammad is at hand with an innumerable army; run into your house and whoever enters my house is safe.” When Hind, that cursed woman, heard this news from her husband, she tried to prevent the people from retiring, and endeavored to make them take up arms and fight the Muslims.
“Kill this base old fellow,” cried she; “God curse him! What a bad news-bringer he is.” “Woe to you,” retorted Abu Sufyan, “I have seen a power before which the emperors of Rum and Non-Arab and the Kings of Kinda and Himyar will soon become Muslims: be still; truth has triumphed and calamity is near.
The Prophet had given orders that in entering Mecca none but those found in arms to oppose him should be slain, and two women that had chanted satires against him. Like Muqis bin Saba, Abdullah bin Sadda bin Abi Sarah, Abdullah bin Hanzal and two female singers. He commanded that these proscribed persons should be killed, though found clinging to the curtains of Kaaba.
Saeed bin Harith and Ammar bin Yasir found Ibn Hanzal clinging to the curtains of Kaaba and they proceeded to kill him and Saeed killed him first. Muqis was killed in the bazar. Amirul Momineen (a.s.) killed one of the women and another one ran away. Hawarith bin Nufail bin Kaab was also slain by Imam Ali (a.s.). Ali (a.s.) came to know that his sister, Umm Hani has given refuge to a group of Bani Makhzum including Harith bin Hisham and Qays bin Saib.
He armed himself and came to her place and asked her to send out all she had given refuge to. They began to tremble. Umm Hani came out but did not recognize him through the armor and she said: “O man, I am the cousin of the Holy Prophet (S) and sister of Ali Ibn Abi Talib (a.s.). go back from here.” Imam Ali (a.s.) said: “Send them out.”
Umm Hani said: “By Allah, I will complain about you to the Prophet.” Imam Ali (a.s.) removed his helmet and Umm Hani embraced him: “I have sworn that I will complain about you.” He said: “Go and fulfill your vow, the Holy Prophet (S) is standing at a certain place.” Umm Hani came to him when the Prophet’s tent was pitched and he was taking a bath and Lady Fatima (s.a.) was in his service.
He heard her voice and said: “Welcome Umm Hani.” She said: “May my parents be sacrificed on you, what all I saw from Ali (a.s.) today.” The Messenger of Allah (S) said: “I have given security to whomsoever you have guaranteed.” Lady Fatima (s.a.) said: “Umm Hani do you have to complain about Ali who has terrorized the enemies of the Almighty Allah and the Holy Prophet (S)?” Umm Hani said: “May I be sacrificed on you, forgive my mistake.”
The Holy Prophet (S) said: “May the Almighty Allah reward well the efforts of Ali (a.s.), because he does not give concession to anyone in the path of God. I have given security to whomsoever Umm Hani has guaranteed, for the sake of the relationship she has with Ali (a.s.).”
Shaykh Tabarsi has narrated through trustworthy chains from Imam Ja’far Sadiq (a.s.) that on entering Mecca, the Prophet asked for the keys of Kaaba, and learning it was with Shaibah’s mother, sent him for it. She at first refused to delivered it, but on being threatened with death, gave it up, and the Prophet, calling Umar to rebuke him for having formally doubted his word in reference to the conquest just achieved, opened the Kaaba and returned the keys to Shaibah, with whose descendants it still remains. From Shaibah’s posterity, Mahdi, will recover the keys, cut off and hang their hands on the Kaaba, and proclaim them thieves of that sacred place.
Kulaini has narrated through correct chains from Imam Ja’far Sadiq (a.s.) that the Messenger of Allah (S) found three hundred and sixty idols in the chamber of Prophet Ismail. Each idol the Prophet hit with his staff saying:
جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ الْبَاطِلُ ۚ إِنَّ الْبَاطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا
“The truth has come and the falsehood has vanished; surely falsehood is a vanishing (thing).”2
The idol used to fall head down and the Meccans used to remark that we have not seen a magician more expert than Muhammad.
Ibn Babawayh has narrated through authentic chains of narrators from Imam Ja’far Sadiq (a.s.) that the Messenger of Allah (S) stood on Mount Safa and announced: “O sons, of Hashim, sons of Abdul Muttalib, I am the Messenger of the Almighty Allah to you. You should say that Muhammad is from us and you can do whatever you like.
By Allah, among you or others, my friend is only one who is pious. It shouldn’t be that on Judgment Day you should come loaded with the dust of the world and that others carry the rewards of the Hereafter. I have completed the argument between you and me. I will be responsible for my deeds and you will be responsible for your deeds. I will not be held accountable for your deeds.
Kulaini and Ali bin Ibrahim have narrated through authentic chains of narrators from Imam Ja’far Sadiq (a.s.) that on the day of the conquest, the Prophet sat in the Masjid and received the fealty of the men of the city, by the form of shaking hands till the time of Noon prayer, and the allegiance of the women. The Almighty Allah then revealed this verse:
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَىٰ أَنْ لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ ۙ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
“O Prophet! when believing women come to you giving you a pledge that they will not associate aught with Allah, and will not steal, and will not commit fornication, and will not kill their children, and will not bring a calumny which they have forged of themselves, and will not disobey you in what is good, accept their pledge, and ask forgiveness for them from Allah; surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.”3
When the Holy Prophet (S) recited these verses, Hind said: “We reared the children and you killed them.” Umm Hakim binte Harith bin Hasham, wife of Akrama, son of Abu Jahl inquired what those good commands were in which we should not oppose you. He answered, “When calamities come upon you, do not strike your faces, nor scratch them with your nails, nor pluck out hairs, nor rend the covering of your breasts, nor put on black clothes, nor utter loud lamentations.”
The women inquired in what mode their pledges should exchanged. The Prophet replied, “I will not extend my hand to that of a women: bring a vessel of water.” He than put his blessed hand into the water, and taking it out, ordered the women to put their hands into the water, saying, “This is the form of pledge with you.” Imam (a.s.) said: “The Holy Prophet (S) was purer than that he should have touched the hands of stranger women.”
Shaykh Tabarsi has narrated that this allegiance with the women took place at Mount Safa. The cursed woman, Hind, who chewed Hamza’s liver at Uhud, had veiled her face and mingled with the other women, being afraid of the Prophet. When he enjoined them to associate nothing with Allah, Hind observed, “You are exacting a condition of us, which you did not of the men.” On commanding them not to steal, she said, “Abu Sufyan is a miser; I have taken some of his property, and do not know whether he will declare it lawful or not.”
Abu Sufyan, her husband, replied that whatever she had taken or might afterwards take was lawful. At this Prophet, recognizing the woman, smiled, and asked if she were not Hind, the daughter of Atba. “Yes,” she replied: “Pardon what is past; that God may pardon you.” He then forbid them to commit lewdness. “Will a noble woman do that!” exclaimed Hind, who was noted for that crime. At this Umar laughed, for during the period of Jahiliyya he had been guilty with that very woman, and moreover her son, Muawiyah was the fruit of illicit intercourse. Then the Holy Prophet (S) said: “Do not eliminate your children.”
Hind said: “We reared our children and you killed them.” She remarked thus because her son, Hanzala was killed in the Battle of Badr by Imam Ali (a.s.). The Holy Prophet (S) smiled and said: “Do not make allegations against anyone.” Hind said: “Making false allegations is a dirty deed, you command us good behavior.” When the Messenger of Allah (S) said: “Do not disobey in good deeds,” Hind said: “When we are sitting here, it is not hoped that we will disobey you.”
Ibn Shahr Ashob has narrated that on the day of the conquest of Mecca, Uthman bin Abi Talha Abdi locked the door of the Kaaba and climbed to the roof. He was asked to surrender the keys as the Messenger of Allah (S) was asking for them. He said: “If I accepted him as the Messenger of Allah (S), why I would have denied the keys to him?” Amirul Momineen (a.s.) climbed the roof and snatched the keys from him and passed to the Prophet, who opened the door and entered the Kaaba, prayed two rakats prayer. When he came out, Abbas said: “Return the keys to him.” At that juncture, the following verse was revealed:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا
“Surely Allah commands you to make over trusts to their owners…”4
The Messenger of Allah (S) called Uthman and returned the keys. When he heard that the Almighty Allah had commanded thus, he embraced Islam.
Ayyashi has narrated from Imam Ja’far Sadiq (a.s.) that on the day of the conquest of Mecca, the Messenger of Allah (S) ordered that the idols of Quraish should be thrown out of the mosque and broken up. An idol of Quraish was placed on Mount Marwah. They prayed to the Prophet to spare it. The Holy Prophet (S) waited for a moment, then ordered them to demolish that also. At that juncture, the following verse was revealed:
وَلَوْلَا أَنْ ثَبَّتْنَاكَ لَقَدْ كِدْتَ تَرْكَنُ إِلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا قَلِيلًا
“And had it not been that We had already established you, you would certainly have been near to incline to them a little…”5
It is narrated from Imam Hasan Askari (a.s.) that when the Almighty Allah raised up Muhammad (S) in Mecca and he initiated his open invitation stating his arguments and condemned their ancestors for idol-worship, they all became inimical to him and began to misbehave and harass the Prophet in every way. They began to demolish the rooms that Muhammad (S), Imam Ali (a.s.) and their followers had constructed around the Kaaba for religious propagation.
Idolaters did not leave any stone unturned to torture and harass them, which finally compelled him to leave Mecca and go to Medina. While departing from Mecca he addressed the city: Allah knows that I am fond of you. If your inhabitants had not expelled me, I would not have given priority to any other city. Jibraeel came with divine greetings and glad tidings that soon the Almighty Allah will bring him back victorious as mentioned in Qur’an:
إِنَّ الَّذِي فَرَضَ عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ لَرَادُّكَ إِلَىٰ مَعَادٍ
“Most surely He Who has made the Qur’an binding on you will bring you back to the destination…”6
When the Messenger of Allah (S) told his companions about this promise and the people of Mecca also learnt about it, they made fun of him disbelieving that he would ever come back to Mecca. After that the Almighty Allah informed that very soon, He would make him overcome the Meccans and divine law will become supreme there and very soon He would ban their entry into Kaaba, and none will enter except in fear.
So this divine promise was fulfilled and the Holy Prophet (S) conquered Mecca. Itab bin Usaid was appointed as the governor of Mecca. When Meccans came to know about it, they said: “Muhammad is always trespassing on our rights and degrading us. He has now appointed an eighteen-year-old as the governor, in spite of the presence of many senior personalities among us and we are the inhabitants of holy sanctuary which is the most superior part of land in the world.”
The letter appointing Itab as governor began as follows: “This is a communication of Muhammad, Messenger of Allah to the inhabitants of the Holy House and its neighbors. So to say: Whoever from you has brought faith in Allah and Muhammad, His Messenger and who testifies to his sayings and after Muhammad he loves Ali, his brother and successor and is the best creature, is from us and he will return to us.
And one who opposes one of them, should remain away as he is from the folks of Hell. And the Almighty Allah will not accept any of his deeds even though it might be great, he will remain in divine chastisement forever. Indeed, Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah has appointed Itab bin Usaid as the governor of Mecca and entrusted all official affairs to him.
So that he may control those of you who are wayward and teach the ignorant and work for your welfare and punish one who opposes the divine laws. And I have appointed him as your governor, because I know that he is having more excellence and he loves Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah and Ali the Wali of Allah. So he is our servant and a brother in faith.
Friend of our friends and enemy of our enemies; and he like a shading sky and comfortable earth. The Almighty Allah has given him precedence to you all in his love for Muhammad, Ali and their pure progeny. He is your ruler who will apply the divine law among you. May the Almighty Allah not take away Taufeeq from him like He has imbued his heart with love for Muhammad and Ali. He will not need to write to me asking each and everything.
The Almighty Allah will inspire him with correct decisions. So one of you who obeys him will deserve a good reward from the Almighty Allah and one who opposes him will fall into a severe chastisement. None of you should make his young age a pretext to disobey him, because no one has any excellence due to age.” Itab entered Mecca with this proclamation, which he soon announced in public.
He said: “I am a fiery opponent of the hypocrites among and I am a sincere helper of the believer. I know well who among you harbor hypocrisy. Very soon I would have the prayers announced which all of you should attend. So that I may know who is a true believer and who is absent because of some valid excuse; otherwise I will strike off his neck according to the command of Allah and His Messenger, so that I may clean the holy sanctuary from the dirty presence of the hypocrites.
Know well that truthfulness is honesty and lying is dishonesty and sinfulness is not established in any community expect that the Almighty Allah makes them degraded. Know that your strong ones are weak for me till I do not restore the rights of the weak from them.
And your weak ones are strong for me till I don’t take their rights from the disobedient ones. So fear Allah, and make yourselves honored by His obedience and do not degrade your selves in His opposition.” Thus he applied the divine law and exalted the believers and humiliated the hypocrites.
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