Surah 103 of 114

سورة العصر

Al-Asr

3 verses · tap any ayah to deep-dive

Ayat 1

وَٱلْعَصْرِ.(1)

By time,(1) [Al-Asr: 1]

Back to surah / Surah 103 · Al-Asr / Ayah 1

Section 01

Traditional understanding

Translation, tafseer from classical and modern scholars, transliteration, word-by-word grammar.

Translation Sahih International

By time,(1)

Tafseer Abdullah Yusuf

Al-Asr may mean; (1) Time through the Ages. or long periods. in which case it comes near to the abstract idea of Time, Dahr; (2) or the late afternoon, from which the ‘Asr canonical prayer takes its name .An appeal is made to Time as one of the creations of Allah, of which everyone knows something but of which no one can fully explain the exact significance. Time searches out and destroys everything material. No one is secular literature has expressed the tyranny of " never resting Time" better than Shakespeare in his Sonnets. For example, see Sonnets 5 (never resting Time"), 12 ("Nothing against Time's scythe can make defence"), and 64( When I have seen by Time's fell hand defaced The rich proud cost of outworn buried age”). If we merely run a race against Time, we shall lose. It is the spiritual part of us that conquers.

Tafseer Dr. Farooq Azam

By the time through the ages!

Tafseer Ibn Abbas

And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said about the interpretation of Allah's saying (By the declining day): (By the declining day) Allah swears by the 'Asr prayer; and it is also said by the hardships of time,

Tafseer Jalalain

By Time! — or [it ‘asr can mean the period] from the declining of the sun to sunset, or [it may denote] the afternoon prayer.

Tafseer Ma’arif Ul-Quran

In this Surah, Allah swears an oath by the 'Time' and says that
mankind is in a state of loss; exception, however, is made of people who
are characterized by four qualities: [I] faith; [2] righteous deeds; [31
advising each other for Truth; and [41 advising each other for patience.
This is the only path to salvation in this world, as well as in the next
world. The Qur'anic prescription comprises, as we have just seen, of four
elements. The first two of them relate to man's own personal betterment,
and the other two relate to other people's guidance and reform. [IbnKath:r].
⦁ Relationship between 'Time' and 'Human Loss'
The first point we need to analyze here is the relationship between the 'oath of time' and 'its subject' because there needs to be a relationship
between an 'oath' and its 'subject' The commentators, generally, state
that all conditions of man, his growth and development, his movements,
his actions and morality - all take place within the space of 'Time'. Man
will lose the capital of his existence. Hours, days, months, and years of life
pass quickly, spiritual and material potentialities decline, and abilities
fade. Man is like a person who possesses great capital and, without his
permission and will, every day, a portion of that capital is taken away.
This is the nature of life in this world; the nature of continual loss. How
well this has been put poetically:
"Your life comprises a few breaths that can be counted; when
one of them is sent out, a part of your life has diminished."

Allah has granted man the invaluable capital of his life, so that he
may invest it in profitable business venture. If he invests his capital of life
sensibly in good works, there will be no limit to the profitable returns; but
if he invests it unwisely in evil works, then, let alone attracting profitable
returns, he will even lose his capital, and. In addition, he will incur the
dreadful scourge of committing numerous sins. If however a person did
not invest his life-capital in good deeds or in evil deeds, then he, at least,
loses both the profit. as well as the capital. This is not merely a poetic
imagery, but is supported by a Prophetic Hadith, according to which the
Messenger of Allah is reported to have said:

"When a person wakes up in the morning, he invests his soul or
life in a business enterprise: some of the investors free or save
the capital from loss and others destroy it."

The Quran itself has used the word tijarah in relation to 'faith' and 'righteous deed', thus:

"...shall I tell you about a trade that saves you from a painful punishment? [61:l0]"

Since 'Time' is man's capital of life, the man himself is the trader.
Under normal circumstances, his capital is not a frozen thing that may be
kept for a while and used up later when the need arises. The capital is
fluid or flowing all the time, every minute and every second. The man
who invests it needs to be very wise, intelligent and agile, so that he is
able to swiftly and readily reap the profit from a flowing capital. One of
the old scholars said that he had learnt the meaning of this verse from an
ice-seller whose trade required utmost diligence, and if he were neglectful
for a moment, his entire capital would melt away. That is why this verse
has sworn an oath by the 'time' to indicate that it is a melting capital, and
the only way to escape loss is to take every moment of his life as valuable,
and use it for the four acts mentioned in the Surah.
Another possible reason for swearing by 'Time' may be that the 'Time'
(in the sense of history) bears testimony to the fact mentioned in the
Siirah. If one thinks on the causes of the rise and decline of individuals
and nations, he would certainly believe that it is only these four acts
(mentioned in the forthcoming verses) that may ensure the real success
and betterment of mankind. Whoever has ever abandoned them has
suffered a great loss, as is evident from numerous events recorded by
history.
Let us now study the 'four principles' mentioned in the Surah. As pointed out earlier, faith and righteous deeds are related to man's moral and spiritual growth and development. They are not in need of elaboration. However, the last two principles ['advising each other for truth'] and ['advising each other for patience'] require some elaboration.
The infinitive tawasi is derived from wasiyyah which means 'to advise
somebody strongly and effectively about the best thing to do in a
particular situation'. The term wasiyyah also refers to a 'will or testament'
where a testator advises his executor regarding the disposal of his estate
on his death.
The two parts are in fact two chapters of the same testament: [ll
advice to truth; and [21 advice to patience and fortitude. These two
concepts may be explained in different ways. One way to explain them is
that haqq ('truth') refers to the package of 'correct faith' and 'good deeds',
and sabr ('patience') refers to abstinence from all sins and evil deeds.
Thus the first concept refers to 'enjoining good actions' and the second
concept refers to 'forbidding evil actions'. The cumulative sense of the
Surah is that believers have been enjoined not only to adopt right faith
and good deeds themselves, but to advise others strongly and effectively
to adopt them, and thus help in the creation of a healthy atmosphere
around them.
It is also possible to interpret 'Truth' as referring to articles of faith,
and to interpret 'patience' as referring to all good actions and abstinence
from evil deeds. The word sabr, originally meaning 'to withhold oneself
and to bind oneself ', encompasses binding oneself down to the
performance of righteous deeds and abstaining from sins.
Hafiz Ibn Taimiyyah has stated in one of his monographs that there
are normally two factors that restrain a person from faith and righteous
deeds: The first cause is some doubts about the true faith. When such
doubts arise in the mind of people, it destroys their faith and leaves them
confused and confounded. As a result, it adversely affects their righteous
deeds. The second cause is the selfish desires that stop man from doing
good, and involve him in evil deeds. In this situation, he theoretically
believes that he should do good and abstain from sins, but his selfish
desires lead him to stray from the right path. The current verse indicates
to remove both causes of one's distraction. By stressing upon 'advice of
truth' it has catered to the first cause, and that it should be removed by
reforming others on theoretical and academic level, and by emphasizing
on 'advice of patience' it has taken care of the second cause by enjoining
upon the Muslims to advise others to give up the base desires and remain
firm against their evil demands. Put differently, 'enjoining the truth'
means 'improving the knowledge of Muslims or their intellectual
development' and 'enjoining patience' means 'improving the practical life
of Muslims'.

Tafseer Mufti Taqi Usmani

Time is the most precious asset of one’s life.

Tafseer Shaikh Ashiq Ilahi

Surah Asr encompasses man's failure and success in a nutshell. By taking an oath in the name of time, Allah Ta'ala presents time as a witness to the fact that man in general is at a loss. He has to leave behind whatever he earns of this
world and because he does not take a provision of good deeds to the Akhirah
( Hereafter ), he stands at a loss there. If man looks back in time and studies the
history of past nations, it will become clear to him that most people have
destroyed their lives in the Akhirah ( Hereafter ). If a person lives his life properly, he will be successful in the Akhirah ( Hereafter ). On the other hand, failure to do so will lead him to devastation in the Hereafter.

Tafseer Tafheem Ul-Quran

In this Surah an oath has been sworn by the Time to impress the point that man is in sheer loss and only those people are an exception from the loss who are characterized by four qualities:
(1) Faith,
(2) righteous deeds,
(3) exhorting one another to Truth, and
(4) exhorting one another to patience.
Let us consider each of these parts separately in order to understand the meaning fully. As for the oath, we have explained several times above that Allah has not sworn an oath by any of the created objects on account of its glory or its excellence and wonderful qualities but for the reason that it
testifies to the truth which is meant to be established. Therefore, the oath by Time signifies that Time is witness to the truth that man is in sheer loss except for the people who possess the four qualities.
The word time is used for the past as well as for the passing time in which the present, in fact, does not signify any long stretch of time. Every moment, when it has passed, becomes past, and every moment of the future, when it is passing, becomes present, and when it has passed, becomes past. Here, since the
oath has been sworn by time absolute, both kinds of time are included in its meaning. The oath by the past time means that human history .testifies that the people who were without these qualities, eventually incurred loss, and in order to understand the significance of the oath by the passing time, one should
understand that the time which is now passing is, in fact, the time which has been given to every single individual and every single nation to work in the world. Its example is of the time which is allotted to a candidate for answering his question-paper in the examination hall. The speed with which this time is
passing can be estimated from the movement of the second-hand in the watch. Even a second is a considerable amount of time, for during this very second light travels 186,000 miles, and in the Kingdom of God there may as well be many things which move even faster than light, but are not yet known to
man. However, if the speed of the passing time be regarded the same as of the movement of the secondhand, and we consider that whatever act, good or bad, we perform and whatever occupation we pursue, takes place in the limited span of age that we have been given for work in the world, we feel that our real
wealth is this very time, which is passing so quickly. Imam Razi has cited a scholar as saying: "I understood the meaning of Surah Al-`Asr from an ice-seller, who was calling aloud for the attention of the people repeatedly in the bazaar: 'Have mercy on the one whose wealth is melting away !' Hearing what
he was crying I said to myself: this then is the meaning of Wal- asr-i innal-insana la-fi khusr-in. The age limit that man has been allotted is passing quickly" like the melting away of ice. if it is wasted, or expended in wrong pursuits, it will be sheer loss to man. Thus, swearing an oath by the Time what has been said in this Surah, means that the fast passing Time is witness that devoid of these four qualities in whatever occupation and work man is expanding his limited span of life, he is engaged in bad bargains;
only such people are engaged in good bargains, who work in the world, characterized by the four qualities. It would be just like calling attention of the candidate, who was expanding the time allotted for solving the question paper in some other pursuit, to the wall clock in the examination hall, to tell him that
the passing time bore witness that he was causing loss to himself; the candidate benefiting by the Time was he who was using every moment of the allotted time in solving the paper. Though the word Man has been used in the singular, in the following sentences those people have been made an exception from it, who are characterized by the four qualities. Therefore, one will have to admit
that here the word Man has been used as a collective noun, denoting a class, and it applies equally to individuals, groups, nations, and entire mankind. Thus,. the general statement that whoever is devoid of the above four qualities, is in loss, would be proved in any case whether it is a person who is devoid of these, or a nation, or all men' of the world. It will be just like giving the verdict that poison is fatal for man; it will mean that poison is fatal in any case whether it is taken by an individual, or a nation, or all the people of the world. Poison's being fatal is an unchangeable truth; it does not make any difference whether one man has taken it, or a nation has decided to take it, or all the people of the world collectively have agreed to take poison. Precisely in the same way this truth by itself is unchangeable that man's being devoid of the above foul qualities brings him loss. The general rule is not at all affected even if one man is devoid of these, or a nation, or all the people of the world agree that they would exhort one another to disbelief, immorality, falsehood and servitude to the self.

Transliteration

Ayah 1

WaalAAasri

Word-by-word

Ayah 1

# Arabic Pronunciation Meaning Root
1 وَالْعَصْرِ WaalAAasri By the time ع ص ر

Section 02

Cross-references

Similar verses elsewhere in the Qur’an and authentic ahadith narrated about this ayah.

Section 03

Articles & resources

Long-form articles, scientific commentary, and historical context linked from the legacy archive.

Section 04

Audio & video lectures

28 videos · 12 audio lectures from contemporary scholars.

Wasting Time Sheikh Assim Al Hakeem Video · youtube Wasting Time Sheikh Assim Al Hakeem Video · youtube Benefit Of Time Dr.Muhammad Salah Video · youtube Benefit Of Time Dr.Muhammad Salah Video · youtube The Importance of Time Mohammed Tim Humble Video · youtube The Importance of Time Mohammed Tim Humble Video · youtube Dr. Bilal Philips - Value of Time : The Dangers of Procrastination Bilal Philips Video · youtube Dr. Bilal Philips - Value of Time : The Dangers of Procrastination Bilal Philips Video · youtube Khutbah: The Importance of Time ~ Dr. Yasir Qadhi Yasir Qadhi Video · youtube Khutbah: The Importance of Time ~ Dr. Yasir Qadhi Yasir Qadhi Video · youtube Don't Waste your Time but Utilize it Ismail Ibn Musa Menk Video · youtube Don't Waste your Time but Utilize it Ismail Ibn Musa Menk Video · youtube Health & Free Time Ismail Ibn Musa Menk Video · youtube Health & Free Time Ismail Ibn Musa Menk Video · youtube Time Will Be Brought In The Presence Of Everyone Ismail Ibn Musa Menk Video · youtube Time Will Be Brought In The Presence Of Everyone Ismail Ibn Musa Menk Video · youtube TIME MANAGEMENT Ismail Ibn Musa Menk Video · youtube TIME MANAGEMENT Ismail Ibn Musa Menk Video · youtube Yahya Ibrahim ¦ Time Management Yahya Ibrahim Video · youtube Yahya Ibrahim ¦ Time Management Yahya Ibrahim Video · youtube HOW TO STOP WASTING TIME [YOUTH] Nouman Ali Khan Video · youtube HOW TO STOP WASTING TIME [YOUTH] Nouman Ali Khan Video · youtube You Don't Have "Free Time Nouman Ali Khan Video · youtube You Don't Have "Free Time Nouman Ali Khan Video · youtube Time Management Sheikh Yawar Ali Baig Video · youtube Time Management Sheikh Yawar Ali Baig Video · youtube Explaining Surah Asr - Dr. Zakir Naik Dr. Zakir Naik Video · youtube Explaining Surah Asr - Dr. Zakir Naik Dr. Zakir Naik Video · youtube the-importance-of-time navaid-aziz Audio lecture the-importance-of-time navaid-aziz Audio lecture why-its-important-to-be-on-time muslimcentral.com Audio lecture why-its-important-to-be-on-time muslimcentral.com Audio lecture greatest-loss-tafsir-surat riyadul-haqq Audio lecture greatest-loss-tafsir-surat riyadul-haqq Audio lecture Tafsir_Al-Takathur alhudamedia.com Audio lecture Tafsir_Al-Takathur alhudamedia.com Audio lecture EnglishTafsirFullQuran Dr.+Israr+Ahmed Audio lecture EnglishTafsirFullQuran Dr.+Israr+Ahmed Audio lecture islamway islamway Audio lecture islamway islamway Audio lecture

References

  1. Tafseer — Abdullah Yusuf
  2. Tafseer — Dr. Farooq Azam
  3. Tafseer — Ibn Abbas
  4. Tafseer — Jalalain
  5. Tafseer — Ma’arif Ul-Quran
  6. Tafseer — Mufti Taqi Usmani
  7. Tafseer — Shaikh Ashiq Ilahi
  8. Tafseer — Tafheem Ul-Quran
  9. Translation — Sahih International
  10. Hadith collections — 22 narrations from Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and others (see Cross-references)
  11. Quranic cross-references — 34 parallel verses
  12. Linked articles — 28 long-form pieces

Ayat 2

إِنَّ ٱلْإِنسَٰنَ لَفِى خُسْرٍ.(2)

Indeed, mankind is in loss,(2) [Al-Asr: 2]

Back to surah / Surah 103 · Al-Asr / Ayah 2

Section 01

Traditional understanding

Translation, tafseer from classical and modern scholars, transliteration, word-by-word grammar.

Translation Sahih International

Indeed, mankind is in loss,(2)

Tafseer Abdullah Yusuf

If life be considered under the metaphor of a business bargain, man,by merely attending to his material gains,will lose. When he makes up his day's account in the afternoon. It will show a loss . It will Only show profit if he has Faith, leads a good life, and Contributes to social welfare by direcling and encouraging other people on the path of Truth and Constancy.

Tafseer Dr. Farooq Azam

Surely, mankind is in loss

Tafseer Ibn Abbas


(Lo! Man) i.e. the disbelieving man (is in a state of loss) and torment because of losing his family and position in Paradise; it is also said this means: he is in a state of loss because of decrease in his works in old age and its cessation after death,

Tafseer Jalalain

Verily man (al-insān: the generic) is in [a state of] loss, in all his bargaining,

Tafseer Ma’arif Ul-Quran

Relationship between 'Time' and 'Human Loss'
The first point we need to analyze here is the relationship between the 'oath of time' and 'its subject' because there needs to be a relationship between an 'oath' and its 'subject' The commentators, generally, state that all conditions of man, his growth and development, his movements, his actions and morality - all take place within the space of 'Time'. Man will lose the capital of his existence. Hours, days, months, and years of life pass quickly, spiritual and material potentialities decline, and abilities fade. Man is like a person who possesses great capital and, without his permission and will, every day, a portion of that capital is taken away. This is the nature of life in this world; the nature of continual loss. How well this has been put poetically:
"Your life comprises a few breaths that can be counted;
When one of them is sent out, a part of your life has diminished."
Allah has granted man the invaluable capital of his life, so that he may invest it in profitable business venture. If he invests his capital of life sensibly in good works, there will be no limit to the profitable returns; but if he invests it unwisely in evil works, then, let alone attracting profitable returns, he will even lose his capital, and. In addition, he will incur the dreadful scourge of committing numerous sins. If however a person did not invest his life-capital in good deeds or in evil deeds, then he, at least, loses both the profit. as well as the capital. This is not merely a poetic imagery, but is supported by a Prophetic Hadith, according to which the Messenger of Allah is reported to have said:
"When a person wakes up in the morning, he invests his soul or life in a business enterprise: some of the investors free or save the capital from loss and others destroy it.
" The Quran itself has used the word tah in relation to 'faith' and 'righteous deed', thus: "...shall I tell you about a trade that saves you from a painful punishment? [61: l0]"
Since 'Time' is man's capital of life, the man himself is the trader.
Under normal circumstances, his capital is not a frozen thing that may be kept for a while and used up later when the need arises. The capital is fluid or flowing all the time, every minute and every second. The man who invests it needs to be very wise, intelligent and agile, so that he is able to swiftly and readily reap the profit from a flowing capital. One of the old scholars said that he had learnt the meaning of this verse from an ice-seller whose trade required utmost diligence, and if he were neglectful for a moment, his entire capital would melt away. That is why this verse has sworn an oath by the 'time' to indicate that it is a melting capital, and the only way to escape loss is to take every moment of his life as valuable, and use it for the four acts mentioned in the Another possible reason for swearing by 'Time' may be that the 'Time' (in the sense of history) bears testimony to the fact mentioned in the Surah. If one thinks on the causes of the rise and decline of individuals and nations, he would certainly believe that it is only these four acts (mentioned in the forthcoming verses) that may ensure the real success and betterment of mankind. Whoever has ever abandoned them has suffered a great loss, as is evident from numerous events recorded by history.

Tafseer Mufti Taqi Usmani

man is in a state of loss indeed,

Tafseer Shaikh Ashiq Ilahi

Because most people choose disbelief instead of belief, Allah Ta'ala makes a general statement stating, "Verily man is at a loss. "Therefore, the entire species of mankind except the believers is at a loss. Describing this loss in Surah Zumar, Allah Ta'ala says, "Verily the losers are those who put themselves and their families at a loss on the Day of judgment. Behold! That is the evident loss." Such people will themselves be in Hell and they will also lead their families into Hell. The toss of the disbelievers is the worst loss because they will lose everything they earned in this world when they die and will have no deeds to assist them in the Akhirah ( Hereafter ). They will be doomed forever because there will be no chance of returning to the world.

Tafseer Tafheem Ul-Quran


Now, let us see in what sense has the Qur'an used the word khusr (loss). Lexically, khusr is an antonym of nafa ` (profit); in trade this word is used in the case when loss results from one bargain as well as in the case when the whole business is running in loss, and also in the case when man loses all his capital
and becomes bankrupt. The Qur'an has made this word a special term of its own and uses it as an antonym of falah (true success). And just as its concept of falah is not merely synonymous with. Worldly prosperity but comprehends man's true success from the world till the Hereafter, so its concept of khusr (loss) also is not merely synonymous with worldly failure or distress but comprehends man's real failure and disappointment from the world till the Hereafter. We have explained the Qur'anic concept of both falah and khusran at several places above which need not be repeated here. Besides., one should also understand
that although according to the Qur'an true success is man's success in the Hereafter and real loss his failure there, yet in this world too what the people describe as success is not, in fact, real success but its end in this world itself is failure, and what they regard as loss is not, in fact, loss but a means of true
success even in this world. This truth has been stated by the Qur'an at several places and we have explained it everywhere accordingly. Thus, when the Qur'an states conclusively and absolutely that Man is certainly in loss, it implies loss both in this world and in the Hereafter; and when it says that only such people are secure from this loss, who are characterised by the four qualities, it implies their being secure from loss and attaining true success both here and in the Hereafter.
Now, let us consider the four qualities on the existence of which depends man's being secure from loss and failure. Of these the first quality is Iman (Faith). Although this word at some places in the Qur'an has been used in the meaning of only verbal affirmation of Faith it has primarily been used in the meaning of believing sincerely and faithfully, and in the Arabic language also this word has this very meaning.
Lexically, amanu lahu means saddaqa-hu wa `tamada 'alai-hi: "affirmed him and put faith in him", and amana bi-hi means aiqana bi hi: "had full faith in him."
The Faith which the Qur'an regards as true Faith has been explained in the following verses:
"In fact, true believers are those who believed in Allah and His Messenger, then entertained no doubt." (Al-Hujurat: 15)
"Those who said: 'Allah is our Lord', and then stood steadfast by it." (Ha Mim As-Sajdah : 30)
"True believers are those whose hearts tremble with awe, whenever Allah is mentioned to them. (Al Anfal: 2).
"Those who have believed adore Allah most ardently." (Al -Baqarah 165)
"Nay, (O Prophet), by your Lord, they can never become believers until they accept you as judge for the decision of the disputes between them, and then surrender to your decision with entire submission without the least resentment in their hearts." (An-Nisa': 65).
The following verse is even more explicit as regards the distinction between verbal affirmation of Faith and true Faith; it says that what is actually desirable is true Faith and not mere verbal affirmation of the Faith:
"O you who profess to have believed, believe sincerely in Allah and His Messenger." (An-Nisa': 136)
As for the question, what has one to believe in, in order to have true faith? This also has been answered and explained in the Qur'an most explicitly. First, it implies that one has to believe in Allah, not merely in His Being but in the sense that He alone is God; no one else is an associate in His Godhead; He alone is
worthy that man should worship, serve and obey Him; He alone can make or mar destinies; man should invoke Him alone and have trust in Him alone; He alone can enjoin things and forbid things; man is under obligation to obey Him and refrain from what he forbids; He sees everything and hears everything; not to speak of any act of man, even his motives and intentions with which he has done an act, are not hidden from Him. Secondly, one has to believe in the Messenger, in the sense that he is a guide and leader appointed by Allah: whatever he has taught, is from Allah, is based upon the truth and has to be
acknowledged and accepted. This belief in Apostleship also includes faith in the angels, the Prophets, the Divine Books and in the Qur'an itself, for this forms part of the teachings which the Messenger of Allah has given. Thirdly, one has to believe in the Hereafter, in the sense that man's present life is not his first
and last life, but after death man has to be resurrected, to render an account to God of the deeds done in the present life, and has to be rewarded for the good deeds and punished for the evil deeds accordingly.
This Faith provides a firm basis for morality and character, upon which can be built the edifice of a pure life, whereas the truth is that without such Faith, the life of man, however beautiful and pleasing outwardly, is like a ship without an anchor, which is at the mercy of the waves wherever they may take it.
After Faith the second quality required to save man from loss is to perform righteous deeds (salihalt) Salihat comprehends all kinds of virtuous and good deeds. However, according to the Qur'an, no act can be a good act unless it is based on Faith and it is performed in obedience to the guidance given by Allah
and His Messenger. That is why in the Qur'an exhortation to perform good deeds is preceded everywhere by Faith, and in this Surah too it has been mentioned after the Faith. Nowhere in the Qur'an has a deed without Faith been called a good deed, nor any reward promised for a deed performed without Faith. On the contrary, this also is a fact that only that Faith is reliable and beneficial, the sincerity of which is proved by man's own act and deed, otherwise Faith without righteous deeds would be a false claim refuted by the man himself when in spite of this claim he follows a way opposed to the way taught by Allah and His Messenger.
The relationship between Faith and righteous deed is of the seed and the tree Unless the seed is sown in the soil no tree can grow out of it. But if the seed is in the soil and no tree is growing out of it, it would mean that the seed is lost in the soil. On this very basis whatever good news has been given in the Qur'an, has been given to the people who believe and do good deeds, and the same has been reiterated in this Surah. What man requires to do after the Faith in order to remain secure from loss is to perform righteous deeds. In other words, mere Faith without righteous deeds cannot save man from loss.

Transliteration

Ayah 2

Inna alinsana lafee khusrin

Word-by-word

Ayah 2

# Arabic Pronunciation Meaning Root
1 إِنَّ Inna Indeed
2 الْإِنسَانَ alinsana mankind أ ن س
3 لَفِى lafee (is) surely in
4 خُسْرٍ khusrin loss خ س ر

Section 02

Cross-references

Similar verses elsewhere in the Qur’an and authentic ahadith narrated about this ayah.

Section 03

Articles & resources

Long-form articles, scientific commentary, and historical context linked from the legacy archive.

Section 04

Audio & video lectures

22 videos · 8 audio lectures from contemporary scholars.

Finding the Balance Sheikh Assim Al Hakeem Video · youtube Finding the Balance Sheikh Assim Al Hakeem Video · youtube Depression & Worldly Test,Low Imaan Questions Answered by Salem Al Amry Sheikh Salim Al- Amry Video · youtube Depression & Worldly Test,Low Imaan Questions Answered by Salem Al Amry Sheikh Salim Al- Amry Video · youtube SH.MOHAMED EL-SHINAWY -DEADLY DUNYA Mohammad El Shinawy Video · youtube SH.MOHAMED EL-SHINAWY -DEADLY DUNYA Mohammad El Shinawy Video · youtube Surah Al Asr, Muhammad Tim Humble, English Lecture Muhammed Tim Humble Video · youtube Surah Al Asr, Muhammad Tim Humble, English Lecture Muhammed Tim Humble Video · youtube The Balance between Religion & Worldly Matters Bilal Philips Video · youtube The Balance between Religion & Worldly Matters Bilal Philips Video · youtube Why are Muslims leaving Islam? Yasir Qadhi Video · youtube Why are Muslims leaving Islam? Yasir Qadhi Video · youtube Islam & The Current Crisis Abdur Raheem Green Video · youtube Islam & The Current Crisis Abdur Raheem Green Video · youtube How to Be Happy and Successful In Life? Ismail Ibn Musa Menk Video · youtube How to Be Happy and Successful In Life? Ismail Ibn Musa Menk Video · youtube How to Save Your Emaan (Faith)? Hussain Yee Video · youtube How to Save Your Emaan (Faith)? Hussain Yee Video · youtube What is the Ultimate Loss? Nouman Ali Khan Video · youtube What is the Ultimate Loss? Nouman Ali Khan Video · youtube FULL Purpose of Life Dr. Zakir Naik Video · youtube FULL Purpose of Life Dr. Zakir Naik Video · youtube Mohammed Faqih – Khutbah Man Is In Loss Except Mohammed Faqih Audio lecture Mohammed Faqih – Khutbah Man Is In Loss Except Mohammed Faqih Audio lecture Abu Hafsa – Evil Injections of the Dunya (life or this World) Abu Hafsa Audio lecture Abu Hafsa – Evil Injections of the Dunya (life or this World) Abu Hafsa Audio lecture Musleh Khan – The Greatest Loss Musleh Khan Audio lecture Musleh Khan – The Greatest Loss Musleh Khan Audio lecture WahnexcessiveLoveOfTheWorld-SheikhJohnStarling SheikhJohnStarling Audio lecture WahnexcessiveLoveOfTheWorld-SheikhJohnStarling SheikhJohnStarling Audio lecture

References

  1. Tafseer — Abdullah Yusuf
  2. Tafseer — Dr. Farooq Azam
  3. Tafseer — Ibn Abbas
  4. Tafseer — Jalalain
  5. Tafseer — Ma’arif Ul-Quran
  6. Tafseer — Mufti Taqi Usmani
  7. Tafseer — Shaikh Ashiq Ilahi
  8. Tafseer — Tafheem Ul-Quran
  9. Translation — Sahih International
  10. Hadith collections — 18 narrations from Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and others (see Cross-references)
  11. Quranic cross-references — 12 parallel verses
  12. Linked articles — 6 long-form pieces

Ayat 3

إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ وَتَوَاصَوْا۟ بِٱلْحَقِّ وَتَوَاصَوْا۟ بِٱلصَّبْرِ.(3)

Except for those who have believed and done righteous deeds and advised each other to truth and advised each other to patience.(3) [Al-Asr: 3]

Back to surah / Surah 103 · Al-Asr / Ayah 3

Section 01

Traditional understanding

Translation, tafseer from classical and modern scholars, transliteration, word-by-word grammar.

Translation Sahih International

Except for those who have believed and done righteous deeds and advised each other to truth and advised each other to patience.(3)

Tafseer Abdullah Yusuf

Faith is his armour, which wards off the wounds of the material world; and his righteous life is his positive contribution to spiritual ascent.
If he lived only for himself, he would not fulfil his whole duty. Whatever good he has, especially in moral and spiritual life, he must spread among his brethren, so that they may see the Truth and stand by it in patient hope and unshaken constancy amidst all the storm and stress of outer life. For he and they will then have attained Peace within.

Tafseer Dr. Farooq Azam

except those who believe and do good deeds; those who exhort one another to the truth and exhort one another to patience.

Tafseer Ibn Abbas

(Save those who believe) in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (and do good works) and do acts of obedience privately between them and their Lord, (and exhort one another to truth) to belief in Allah's divine Oneness; and it is said to the Qur'an (and exhort one another to endurance) in performing the obligations imposed by Allah and in avoiding transgressions and also in enduring misfortunes and calamities, because the believers are unlike the disbelievers'.

Tafseer Jalalain

except those who believe and perform righteous deeds, they are not in [a state of] loss, and enjoin one another to [follow] the truth, faith, and enjoin one another to patience, in [maintaining] obedience and in refraining from [acts of] disobedience.

Tafseer Ma’arif Ul-Quran

Let us now study the 'four principles' mentioned in the Surah. As pointed out earlier, faith and righteous deeds are related to man's moral and spiritual growth and development. They are not in need of elaboration. However, the last two principles ['advising each other for truth'] and ['advising each other for patience'] require some elaboration.
The infinitive tawasi is derived from wasiyyah which means 'to advise some body strongly and effectively about the best thing to do in a particular situation'. The term wasiyyah also refers to a 'will or testament' where a testator advises his executor regarding the disposal of his estate on his death.
The two parts are in fact two chapters of the same testament: advice to truth; and advice to patience and fortitude. These two concepts may be explained in different ways. One way to explain them is Surah that haqq ('truth') refers to the package of 'correct faith' and 'good deeds', and sabr ('patience') refers to abstinence from all sins and evil deeds. Thus the first concept refers to 'enjoining good actions' and the second concept refers to 'forbidding evil actions'. The cumulative sense of the Surah is that believers have been enjoined not only to adopt right faith and good deeds themselves, but to advise others strongly and effectively to adopt them, and thus help in the creation of a healthy atmosphere around them.
It is also possible to interpret 'Truth' as referring to articles of faith, and to interpret 'patience' as referring to all good actions and abstinence from evil deeds. The word sabr, originally meaning 'to withhold oneself and to bind oneself ', encompasses binding oneself down to the performance of righteous deeds and abstaining from sins.
Hafiz Ibn Taimiyyah has stated in one of his monographs that there are normally two factors that restrain a person from faith and righteous deeds: The first cause is some doubts about the true faith. When such doubts arise in the mind of people, it destroys their faith and leaves them confused and confounded. As a result, it adversely affects their righteous deeds. The second cause is the selfish desires that stop man from doing good, and involve him in evil deeds. In this situation, he theoretically believes that he should do good and abstain from sins, but his selfish desires lead him to stray from the right path. The current verse indicates to remove both causes of one's distraction. By stressing upon 'advice of truth' it has catered to the first cause, and that it should be removed by reforming others on theoretical and academic level, and by emphasizing on 'advice of patience' it has taken care of the second cause by enjoining upon the Muslims to advise others to give up the base desires and remain firm against their evil demands. Put differently, 'enjoining the truth'
means 'improving the knowledge of Muslims or their intellectual development' and 'enjoining patience' means 'improving the practical life of Muslims'.

Need to Salvage the Entire Muslim Society
This Surah lays down the important principle of guidance for the Muslims that inviting other Muslims to keep to the true faith and good deeds is as much necessary as their own submission to the Holy Quran and Sunnah. Without sincere efforts, to the best of one's ability, to invite others to the right path, one's own good deeds are not enough to one's salvation. Especially, if a person does not take care of the spiritual and moral welfare of his wife, children and family and turns a blind eye to their unrighteous deeds, he is blocking his way to salvation - no matter how pious he himself might be. Therefore, the Quran and the Sunnah make it obligatory upon every Muslim to do his best to invite others to the good deeds, and warn them against the evil acts. Unfortunately, let alone the general public, many learned people are lax in this matter. They
think it is sufficient for them to be concerned about their own moral and spiritual well-being. They are not concerned about the well-being of their ! family and children. May Allah grant us the ability to act upon this verse.

Tafseer Mufti Taqi Usmani

The original Arabic word used here is sahr. In absence of any other word, it has been translated as ‘patience’. In the Qur’anic terminology, however, it has much wider scope than ‘patience’. It comprises three elements. One, to remain steadfast in performing one’s obligations. Two, to prevent one’s own self from committing sins. Three, to endure hardships with patience.

Tafseer Shaikh Ashiq Ilahi

Making the exception from those at a loss, Allah Ta'ala says,
"except those who believe, who do good deeds, who encourage each other towards the truth and encourage each other to exercise patience." People with the above four attributes do not have to fear suffering any loss in the Hereafter. In addition to the two fundamental attributes of belief and good deeds, such people also encourage Surah Asr 103 : 1-3 456
Anwar-ul-Bayan (v. 10) others to carry out good deeds and to refrain from sins. Not only do they encourage their family and friends, but also their associates, co-travellers and people they meet. They encourage them to accept the truth and to tread the straight path.
In addition to this, they also encourage people to exercise patience. The
word "Sabr" (translated above as ' Patience" ) refers to remaining steadfast in
performing good deeds, refraining from sin as well as exercising patience when
afflicted with any difficulty. As explained in other verses (such as verse 153 of
Surah Baqarah), the word " Sabr" entails all these three meanings. The believers
described in this Surah also patiently endure the harassment of people whom
they encourage "towards the truth Every person needs to think whether he is leading a life in a manner that will cause him a loss or whether his way of life will lead him to salvation. People imbued with strong Belief are constantly concerned about their plight in the Akhirah ( Hereafter). They lose no opportunity to carry out good deeds and make every effort to avoid sin, especially the worst of sins viz. disbelief and polytheism.
In this manner, they are always soaring to new heights in proximity to Allah.
Unfortunately, there are many Muslims who neither seem to have any
concern for their own salvation nor for the salvation of others. Of a person's 24-
hour day, approximately eight hours are spent in earning a living, while another
six are spent sleeping. Another two to three hours are spent in Salah and other
necessities. If the rest of the time is spent idly, it is wasted. If it is spent in sin, one will have to suffer grave consequences. A believer ought to be concerned about his Akhirah ( Hereafter) all the time. Many retired people who do not have to earn a living, while away their time in trivial pursuits without realising that they could make their time valuable by engaging in acts of Ibadah ( worship) such as Salah, Tilawah (recitation) of the Qur'an, remembrance of Allah ( Dhikr), teaching and propagating religion, etc. They could also be of invaluable assistance to religious organisations. If a person retires at about 50 or 65, he may still live for another 30 or 35 (or even more) years. To waste so much time in futile and Haram (unlawful) pastimes such as backbiting, watching television, playing cards, etc is extremely foolish. An intelligent person is one who uses his time profitably by engaging in good deeds and abstaining from sin.
The Surah makes it clear that it is not sufficient for a person to be concerned
about his spiritual condition only. He has to ensure that others also practise
religion, especially his family and subordinates. If he does not see to this, his
wife, children and family will become a source of grief for him in the Hereafter.
The Holy Prophet made it clear that each person is a shepherd and will be questioned about his flock. [Bukhari ] It is most tragic to note that parents nowadays turn their children away
from religion, teach them how to earn Haram (unlawful) wealth and send them to places where their belief , is in jeopardy. This they regard as progress when it is actually the worst retrogression. May Allah guide the Ummah. Amin.

Tafseer Tafheem Ul-Quran

Now, let us consider the four qualities on the existence of which depends man's being secure from loss and failure.
Of these the first quality is Iman (Faith). Although this word at some places in the Qur'an has been used in the meaning of only verbal affirmation of Faith (e.g. in An-Nisa': 137, AI-Ma'idah 54, Al-Anfal: 20, 27, At- Taubah: 38, As-Saff: 2) it has primarily been used in the meaning of believing sincerely and faithfully, and in the Arabic language also this word has this very meaning. Lexically, amanu lahu means saddaqa-hu wa `tamada 'alai-hi: "affirmed him and put faith in him", and amana bi-hi means aiqana bi hi: "had full faith in him." The Faith which the Qur'an regards as true Faith has been explained in the following verses:
"In fact, true believers are those who believed in Allah and His
Messenger, then entertained no doubt." (Al-Hujurat: 15)
"Those who said: 'Allah is our Lord', and then stood steadfast by it." (Ha Mim As-Sajdah : 30)
"True believers are those whose hearts tremble with awe, whenever Allah is mentioned to them. (AI Anfal: 2).
"Those who have believed adore Allah most ardently." (Al-Baqarah 165)
"Nay, (O Prophet), by your Lord, they can never become believers until they accept you as judge for the decision of the disputes between them, and then surrender to your decision with entire submission without the least resentment in their hearts." (An-Nisa':65).
The following verse is even more explicit as regards the distinction between verbal affirmation of Faith and true Faith; it says that what is actually desirable is true Faith and not mere verbal affirmation of the Faith:
"O you who profess to have believed, believe sincerely in Allah and His Messenger." (An-Nisa': 136)
As for the question, what has one to believe in, in order to have true faith? This also has been answered and explained in the Qur'an most explicitly. First, it implies that one has to believe in Allah, not merely in His Being but in the sense that He alone is God; no one else is an associate in His Godhead; He alone is worthy that man should worship, serve and obey Him; He alone can make or mar destinies; man should invoke Him alone and have trust in Him alone; He alone can enjoin things and forbid things; man is under
obligation to obey Him and refrain from what he forbids; He sees everything and hears everything; not to speak of any act of man, even his motives and intentions with which he has done an act, are not hidden from Him. Secondly, one has to believe in the Messenger, in the sense that he is a guide and leader appointed by Allah: whatever he has taught, is from Allah, is based upon the truth and has to be acknowledged and accepted. This belief in Apostleship also includes faith in the angels, the Prophets, the Divine Books and in the Qur'an itself, for this forms part of the teachings which the Messenger of Allah has given. Thirdly, one has to believe in the Hereafter, in the sense that man's present life is not his first
and last life, but after death man has to be resurrected, to render an account to God of the deeds done in the present life, and has to be rewarded for the good deeds and punished for the evil deeds accordingly. This Faith provides a firm basis for morality and character, upon which can be built the edifice of a pure
life, whereas the truth is that without such Faith, the life of man, however beautiful and pleasing outwardly, is like a ship without an anchor, which is at the mercy of the waves wherever they may take it.
After Faith the second quality required to save man from loss is to perform righteous deeds (salihalt) Salihat comprehends all kinds of virtuous and good deeds. However, according to the Qur'an, no act can be a good act unless it is based on Faith and it is performed in obedience to the guidance given by Allah and His Messenger. That is why in the Qur'an exhortation to perform good deeds is preceded everywhere by Faith, and in this Surah too it has been mentioned after the Faith. Nowhere in the Qur'an has a deed without Faith been called a good deed, nor any reward promised for a deed performed without Faith. On the contrary, this also is a fact that only that Faith is reliable and beneficial, the sincerity of which is proved by man's own act and deed, otherwise Faith without righteous deeds would be a false claim refuted by the man himself when in spite of this claim he follows a way opposed to the way taught by Allah and His Messenger.
The relationship between Faith and righteous deed is of the seed and the tree Unless the seed is sown in the soil no tree can grow out of it. But if the seed is in the soil and no tree is growing out of it, it would mean that the seed is lost in the soil. On this very basis whatever good news has been given in the Qur'an, has been given to the people who believe and do good deeds, and the same has been reiterated in this Surah. What man requires to do after the Faith in order to remain secure from loss is to perform righteous deeds. In other words, mere Faith without righteous deeds cannot save
man from loss.
The above two qualities are such as must be possessed by every single individual. Then, the Surah mentions two further qualities, which a man must have in order to be saved from loss. They are that the people who believe and do good deeds must exhort one another to truth and to patience. This means that in the first place, a believing and righteous people should not live as individuals but should create a believing and righteous society by their combination. Second, that every individual of this society must feel his responsibility not to let the society become degenerate. Thus, all its members are duty bound to exhort one another to truth and to patience.
Truth is the antonym of falsehood, and generally it is used in , two meanings:
(1) A correct and right thing which is in accordance with justice and truth, whether it relates to belief and faith or to mundane affairs; and

(2) the right which is obligatory on man to render, whether it is the right of God, the right of man, or the right of one's own self. Thus, to exhort one another to truth means that the society of the believers should not be so insensitive that falsehood may thrive and things against justice and truth be done in it, and the people be watching everything indifferently. On the contrary, it should be a living, sensitive society so that whenever and wherever falsehood appears, the upholders of the Truth should rise up against it, and no
member of the society rest content with only himself adhering to truth, righteousness, justice and rendering the rights of others, but should exhort others also to adopt the same way of life. This is the
spirit that can ensure security of a society against moral degeneration and decay. If a society becomes devoid of this spirit, it cannot remain secure from loss, and eventually even those people also are affected by the loss, who might in their own way be adhering to the truth, but were insensitive to violation of the truth in their society.

The same has been stated in Al-Ma'idah, thus: "Those who adopted the way of disbelief among the children of Israel were cursed by the tongue of David and of Jesus, son of Mary, because they had grown rebellious and become transgressors: they would not forbid one another to do the wrong deeds they committed. (w. 78-79).
Then the same idea has been expressed in Al-A`raf, thus:
"When the children of Israel totally forgot the teachings (of observing the Sabbath), We seized with a severe scourge all those who were transgressors, and We saved those who used to forbid evil" (v. 165); and in Surah Al-Anfal, thus: "And guard against that mischief which will not bring punishment in particular to the mischief-makers alone from among you." (v. 25) That is why to enjoin what is good and to forbid what is evil, has been enjoined on the Muslim community as a duty (Al-`Imran 104) and the community which performs this duty has been declared to be the best community (Al-`Imran: 110).

Besides exhorting to the truth, the other thing which has been declared as a necessary condition for keeping the believers and their society secure from loss is that the members of the society should enjoin patience upon one another. That is, they should enjoin upon one another to bear with fortitude and steadfastness the difficulties, hardships, trials, losses and deprivations which befall the one who adheres to the truth and supports it. Each one of them should encourage the other to bear up against adversity steadfastly.

Transliteration

Ayah 3

Illa allatheena amanoo waAAamiloo alssalihati watawasaw bialhaqqi watawasaw bialssabri

Word-by-word

Ayah 3

# Arabic Pronunciation Meaning Root
1 إِلَّا Illa Except
2 الَّذِينَ allatheena those who
3 اٰمَنُواْ amanoo believe أ م ن
4 وَعَمِلُوا waAAamiloo and do ع م ل
5 الصَّالِحَاتِ alssalihati righteous deeds ص ل ح
6 وَتَوَاصَوْا watawasaw and enjoin (each other) و ص ي
7 بِالْحَقِّ bialhaqqi to the truth ح ق ق
8 وَتَوَاصَوْا watawasaw and enjoin (each other) و ص ي
9 بِالصَّبْرِ bialssabri to [the] patience ص ب ر

Section 02

Cross-references

Similar verses elsewhere in the Qur’an and authentic ahadith narrated about this ayah.

Section 03

Articles & resources

Long-form articles, scientific commentary, and historical context linked from the legacy archive.

Misconceptions

Section 04

Audio & video lectures

4 videos · 26 audio lectures from contemporary scholars.

Giving dawah to reluctant non muslim parents Sheikh Assim Al Hakeem Video · youtube Giving dawah to reluctant non muslim parents Sheikh Assim Al Hakeem Video · youtube Guidelines to give Dawah to both Men & Women on Social Media Sheikh Assim Al Hakeem Video · youtube Guidelines to give Dawah to both Men & Women on Social Media Sheikh Assim Al Hakeem Video · youtube the-strong-believer-vs-the-weak-believer yasir-qadhi Audio lecture the-strong-believer-vs-the-weak-believer yasir-qadhi Audio lecture attributes-believers karim-abuzaid Audio lecture attributes-believers karim-abuzaid Audio lecture three-fundamental-principles-part-3 karim-abuzaid Audio lecture three-fundamental-principles-part-3 karim-abuzaid Audio lecture branches-of-faith-15-modesty yasir-qadhi Audio lecture branches-of-faith-15-modesty yasir-qadhi Audio lecture eemaan-righteous-deeds yassir-fazaga Audio lecture eemaan-righteous-deeds yassir-fazaga Audio lecture the-importance-of-dawah hussain-yee Audio lecture the-importance-of-dawah hussain-yee Audio lecture dawah ahmed-deedat Audio lecture dawah ahmed-deedat Audio lecture abdur-raheem-mccarthy-dawah-power abdur-raheem-mccarthy Audio lecture abdur-raheem-mccarthy-dawah-power abdur-raheem-mccarthy Audio lecture dawah-calling yusha-evans Audio lecture dawah-calling yusha-evans Audio lecture encourage towards truth muslimcentral.com Audio lecture encourage towards truth muslimcentral.com Audio lecture encourage towards truth muslimcentral.com Audio lecture encourage towards truth muslimcentral.com Audio lecture the-seed-and-tree-of-faith bdul-wahab-saleem Audio lecture the-seed-and-tree-of-faith bdul-wahab-saleem Audio lecture faith-action-ep02-reform-rectify yassir-fazaga Audio lecture faith-action-ep02-reform-rectify yassir-fazaga Audio lecture

References

  1. Tafseer — Abdullah Yusuf
  2. Tafseer — Dr. Farooq Azam
  3. Tafseer — Ibn Abbas
  4. Tafseer — Jalalain
  5. Tafseer — Ma’arif Ul-Quran
  6. Tafseer — Mufti Taqi Usmani
  7. Tafseer — Shaikh Ashiq Ilahi
  8. Tafseer — Tafheem Ul-Quran
  9. Translation — Sahih International
  10. Hadith collections — 24 narrations from Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and others (see Cross-references)
  11. Linked articles — 60 long-form pieces

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