Surah 091 of 114

سورة الشمس

Ash-Shams

15 verses

Ayat 1

وَٱلشَّمْسِ وَضُحَىٰهَا.(1)

By the sun and its brightness(1) [Ash-Shams: 1]

Understanding of the Ayah Tafseer · Jalalain

By the sun and her morning light.

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References

  1. Tafseer — Jalalain
  2. Translation — Sahih International
  3. Hadith collections — 4 entries

Ayat 2

وَٱلْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَىٰهَا.(2)

And [by] the moon when it follows it(2) [Ash-Shams: 2]

Understanding of the Ayah Tafseer · Jalalain

By the moon when it follows her rising after she has set.

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References

  1. Tafseer — Jalalain
  2. Translation — Sahih International
  3. Hadith collections — 4 entries

Ayat 3

وَٱلنَّهَارِ إِذَا جَلَّىٰهَا.(3)

And [by] the day when it displays it(3) [Ash-Shams: 3]

Ayat 4

وَٱلَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰهَا.(4)

And [by] the night when it covers it(4) [Ash-Shams: 4]

Ayat 5

وَٱلسَّمَآءِ وَمَا بَنَىٰهَا.(5)

And [by] the sky and He who constructed it(5) [Ash-Shams: 5]

Ayat 6

وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَىٰهَا.(6)

And [by] the earth and He who spread it(6) [Ash-Shams: 6]

Ayat 7

وَنَفْسٍۢ وَمَا سَوَّىٰهَا.(7)

And [by] the soul and He who proportioned it(7) [Ash-Shams: 7]

Understanding of the Ayah Tafseer · Jalalain

And [by] the soul, that is to say, [by] all souls, and the One Who proportioned it, in its created form (mā in all three instances relates to the verbal action, or functions as man, ‘the one who’),

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References

  1. Tafseer — Jalalain
  2. Translation — Sahih International

Ayat 8

فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَىٰهَا.(8)

And inspired it [with discernment of] its wickedness and its righteousness,(8) [Ash-Shams: 8]

Understanding of the Ayah Tafseer · Jalalain

and inspired to discern its vices and piety, He pointed out to it the path of good and that of evil (the placing of taqwā, ‘piety’, second takes into account the [rhyme] endings of the verses; the response to the oath is [the following:])

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References

  1. Tafseer — Jalalain
  2. Translation — Sahih International
  3. Hadith collections — 2 entries

Ayat 9

قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن زَكَّىٰهَا.(9)

He has succeeded who purifies it,(9) [Ash-Shams: 9]

Understanding of the Ayah Tafseer · Jalalain

Successful indeed (qad: the lām [of laqad, ‘indeed’] has been omitted from it for the sake of brevity) will be the one who purifies it, purges it of sins,

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References

  1. Tafseer — Jalalain
  2. Translation — Sahih International
  3. Hadith collections — 4 entries

Ayat 10

وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن دَسَّىٰهَا.(10)

And he has failed who instills it [with corruption].(10) [Ash-Shams: 10]

Understanding of the Ayah Tafseer · Jalalain

And he will indeed have failed he who eclipses it, he who obscures it with [acts of] disobedience (dassāhā is actually dassasahā, but the second sīn has been replaced with an alif for [phonetic] ease).

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References

  1. Tafseer — Jalalain
  2. Translation — Sahih International

Ayat 11, 12, 13, 14, 15

كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَىٰهَآ.(11)

إِذِ ٱنۢبَعَثَ أَشْقَىٰهَا.(12)

فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ نَاقَةَ ٱللَّهِ وَسُقْيَٰهَا.(13)

فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُم بِذَنۢبِهِمْ فَسَوَّىٰهَا.(14)

وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَٰهَا.(15)

Thamud denied [their prophet] by reason of their transgression,(11) [Ash-Shams: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]

Understanding of the Ayah Tafseer · Jalalain

Thamūd denied, their messenger Sālih, because of their rebellious nature,
When the most wretched of them, whose name was Qudār, was dispatched, [when] he hastened, in order to hamstring the she-camel with their approval.
[91:13] But then the messenger of God, Sālih, said to them, ‘[This is] the she-camel of God, so let her have her drink!’, her drink on her day — one day was hers, the next theirs. [91:14] But they denied him, with regard to his saying this [as being a command] from God — which if they contravened would immediately result in chastisement being sent down on them — then hamstrung her, they slew it in order to appropriate her [share of the] drinking water. So their Lord closed in on them, the chastisement, because of their sin, and meted it equally [among them], that is, the closing in on them, in other words, He subsumed them all by it, so that not one of them escaped. [91:15].

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References

  1. Tafseer — Jalalain
  2. Translation — Sahih International

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